#summary Pontine Reticular Formation @@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainCenterHT_RF] ---- This page covers biological details of component group Pontine Reticular Formation. Component group is part of aHuman target integrated biological model. * *Top-down path to center*: Hindbrain Metencephalon -> Pontine Reticular Formation (HT.RF) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps]) * *Function*: (generated) = Components = (generated) *Component items*: * *Pontine Reticular Formation, Midline Column* (HT.RF.MID) * *Raphe Nuclei of Pons* (HT.RF.MID.RP) * [BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN Pontine Raphe Nucleus] (LMC.HP.RP.PRN): Regulation of sleep cycle * *Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column* (HT.RF.MED) * *Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation* (HT.PRF.PPRF) * [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus] (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO): Mediation of changing to and from REM sleep * [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus] (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF): Mediate head movements * [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus] (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR): Flow of respiratory current out of organism * *Pontine Reticular Formation, Lateral Column* (HT.RF.LAT) * [BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus] (LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG): Mediate saccadic eye movements * [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB Parabrachial Nucleus] (LPC.HT.PRF.PB): Source of short-latency nociceptive input; sense of physiological condition of body well-being or interoception = Connectivity = (generated) *Internal Regions Connections:* * no connections *External Connections:* unavailable *External Inbound Center Connections:* || *Source Center* || *Sample Link* || *Reference* || || [BrainCenterFAM_FT_CEAM Central Extended Amygdala] (FAM.FT.CEAM) || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_IPAC_MED FAM.FT.IPAC.MED] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB LPC.HT.PRF.PB]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus] (FD.HT) || [BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB FMM.FD.MB.LMB] -> [BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG]||[http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/mb.jpg Mammillary Body (LMB -> RTG)] || || [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia] (FEC.FT.BG) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED FEC.FT.SNC.MED] -> [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR LRC.HT.PRF.PVR]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterHL_SN Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei] (HL.SN) || [BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR LPC.HL.TGS.STR] -> [BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG]||[http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SpinalTrigeminal -> RF, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex] (LLC.HT.CRC) || [BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FG LRC.HT.CR.FG] -> [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF LRC.HT.PRF.CRF]||[http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Cerebellum functional divisions (FG -> RF, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterLPC_HT_VBN Vestibular Nuclei] (LPC.HT.VBN) || [BrainRegionLPC_HT_IVBN LPC.HT.IVBN] -> [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF LRC.HT.PRF.CRF]||[http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/13VNAN.html Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) (VestibularNuclei -> PPRF, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon] (MM.REF) || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP LRC.MM.SC.DEEP] -> [BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (SC -> RF, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterMM_RF Mesencephalic Reticular Formation] (MM.RF) || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_SCNF LRC.MM.SCNF] -> [BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN LMC.HP.RP.PRN]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area] (NC.ACG) || [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG NDM.NC.AL.VACG] -> [BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG]||[http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC Lateral Prefrontal Cortex] (NC.AL.LPFC) || [BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO NPE.NC.BRA.PO] -> [BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG]||[http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterNC_PMC Premotor Cortex] (NC.PMC) || [BrainRegionNPE_NC_PMC_AFEF NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF] -> [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO LRC.HT.PRF.RPO]||[http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC Motor Cortex] (NMA.NC.MC) || [BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC NMA.NC.MC] -> [BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG]||[http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC Supplementary Motor Cortex] (NMA.NC.SMC) || [BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F3 NMA.NC.SMC.F3] -> [BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG]||[http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area] (NSA.NC.IT) || [BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE NSA.NC.IT.TE] -> [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO LRC.HT.PRF.RPO]||[http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/saccades.jpg Saccades and smooth movements (TEF -> DLPN, abstract)] || *External Outbound Center Connections:* || *Target Center* || *Sample Link* || *Reference* || || [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala] (FAM.FT.AM) || [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB LPC.HT.PRF.PB] -> [BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEL FAM.FT.AM.CEL]||[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (PB -> AM, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus] (FD.HT) || [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB LPC.HT.PRF.PB] -> [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM LAC.FD.HT.DM]||[http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (PBN -> DMH)] || || [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus] (FD.TH.SR) || [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB LPC.HT.PRF.PB] -> [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI NCP.FD.TH.VPI]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG Basal Ganglia] (FEC.FT.BG) || [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB LPC.HT.PRF.PB] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH]||[http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (PBN -> NAc, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterHL_MN Myelencephalic Motor Nuclei] (HL.MN) || [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF LRC.HT.PRF.CRF] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB LPC.HL.AMB]||[http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full Vocal Control (RF -> NucleusAmbiguus, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterHL_PSN Myelencephalic Parasympathetic Nuclei] (HL.PSN) || [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB LPC.HT.PRF.PB] -> [BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN LAC.HL.VGN]||[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (PBN -> DVM)] || || [BrainCenterHT_MN Metencephalic Motor Nuclei] (HT.MN) || [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF LRC.HT.PRF.CRF] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HT_FCM LPC.HT.FCM]||[http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full Vocal Control (RF -> MotorVII, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterHT_TG Pontine Tegmental Nuclei] (HT.TG) || [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO LRC.HT.PRF.RPO] -> [BrainRegionFAM_HT_TG_NI FAM.HT.TG.NI]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex] (LLC.HT.CRC) || [BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG] -> [BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN LRC.HT.CR.FN]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainRegionLPC_HT_ABD Abducens Nucleus] (LPC.HT.ABD) || [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO LRC.HT.PRF.RPO] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HT_ABD LPC.HT.ABD]||[http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/13VNAN.html Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) (PPRF -> Abducens, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterLPC_HT_VBN Vestibular Nuclei] (LPC.HT.VBN) || [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO LRC.HT.PRF.RPO] -> [BrainRegionLPC_HT_IVBN LPC.HT.IVBN]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterMM_PER Perhipheral Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon] (MM.PER) || [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO LRC.HT.PRF.RPO] -> [BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN LPC.MM.OCN]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (RF -> OPN, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterNC_INS Insular Cortex] (NC.INS) || [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB LPC.HT.PRF.PB] -> [BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC NCP.NC.INS.PIC]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque (PB -> Gud, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterSC_VH Anterior/Ventral Horn] (SC.VH) || [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO LRC.HT.PRF.RPO] -> [BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN LPC.SC.VH.SAN]||[http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Cerebellum functional divisions (RF -> SCM, abstract)] ||