#summary Basal Ganglia @@[Home] -> [BiologicalLifeResearch] -> [BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG] ---- This page covers biological details of component group Basal Ganglia. Component group is part of aHuman target integrated biological model. * *Top-down path to center*: Forebrain Telencephalon -> Basal Ganglia (FEC.FT.BG) (see [OverallMindMaps Mind Maps]) * *Function*: (generated) = Components = (generated) *Component items*: * *Striatum* (FEC.FT.ST) * *Ventral Striatum* (FEC.FT.VST) * *Accumbens Nucleus* (FEC.FT.ACC): Activate motor functions under attention, expectation of pleasure; rhythmic timing * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE Nucleus Accumbens Core] (FEC.FT.ACC.CORE): cognitive processing of motor function related to reward and reinforcement; encodes new motor programs which facilitate acquisition of given reward in future * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH Nucleus Accumbens Shell] (FEC.FT.ACC.SH): cognitive processing of motivational salience (wanting) as well as reward and reinforcement effects * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_VT Ventral Putamen] (FEC.FT.PU.VT): Evaluation of flavors, taste, motivation loop * *Dorsal Striatum* (FEC.FT.DST) * *Caudate Nucleus* (FEC.FT.CN): Excitation of correct action schemas and selection of appropriate sub-goals based on evaluation of action-outcomes * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_HD Caudate Nucleus Head] (FEC.FT.CN.HD): Feedback processing, result of incorrect categorization * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_BD Caudate Nucleus Body] (FEC.FT.CN.BD): Oculomotor learning * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_TL Caudate Nucleus Tail] (FEC.FT.CN.TL): Successful classification learning, correct categorization * *Dorsal Putamen* (FEC.FT.DPU): Stimulus-response, or habit, learning * *Dorsal Putamen Caudal* (FEC.FT.PU.DCD) * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT Dorsal Putamen Lateral] (FEC.FT.PU.LT): Flexor motor initiation * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED Dorsal Putamen Medial] (FEC.FT.PU.MED): Extensor motor initiation * *Globus Pallidus* (FEC.FT.GP) * *Dorsal Pallidum* (FEC.FT.DP) * *Globus Pallidus External* (FEC.FT.GPE): Regulate and focus activity patterns in striatum, STN, GPi, and SNpr * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_LT Globus Pallidus External Lateral] (FEC.FT.GPE.LT): Flexor loop * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_MED Globus Pallidus External Medial] (FEC.FT.GPE.MED): Extensor loop * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_DS Globus Pallidus External Dorsal] (FEC.FT.GPE.DS): Executive loop * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_RM Globus Pallidus External Rostromedial] (FEC.FT.GPE.RM): Motivational loop * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_DL Globus Pallidus External Dorsolateral] (FEC.FT.GPE.DL): Oculomotor loop * *Globus Pallidus Internal* (FEC.FT.GPI): Output nuclei of basal ganglia to neocortex * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_LT Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral] (FEC.FT.GPI.LT): Motor flexor loop * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_MED Globus Pallidus Internal Medial] (FEC.FT.GPI.MED): Motor extensor loop * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DS Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal] (FEC.FT.GPI.DS): Executive loop * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_RM Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial] (FEC.FT.GPI.RM): Motivational loop * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DL Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral] (FEC.FT.GPI.DL): Oculomotor loop * *Ventral Pallidum* (FEC.FT.VP): Distinguish wanting versus liking enhancements * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_DL Ventral Pallidum Dorsolateral] (FEC.FT.VP.DL): motivational loop, NAcc-core * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_VM Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial] (FEC.FT.VP.VM): motivational loop, NAcc-shell * *Substantia Nigra* (FEC.FT.SN) * *Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta* (FEC.FT.SNC): Fine motor control, temporal processing * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral] (FEC.FT.SNC.LT): executive loop * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial] (FEC.FT.SNC.MED): motivational loop * *Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata* (FEC.FT.SNR): Convey final processed signals of basal ganglia to thalamus and superior colliculus * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral] (FEC.FT.SNR.DL): Extensor motor loop, head * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_RM Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial] (FEC.FT.SNR.RM): Executive loop * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_VL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral] (FEC.FT.SNR.VL): Oculomotor loop * [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial] (FEC.FT.SNR.MED): Motivational loop = Connectivity = (generated) *Internal Regions Connections:* unavailable || *Source Region* || *Target Region* || *Reference* || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE Nucleus Accumbens Core] (FEC.FT.ACC.CORE) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial] (FEC.FT.SNC.MED) || (unknown reference) || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial] (FEC.FT.SNR.MED) || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (NACC -> SNr, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_DL Ventral Pallidum Dorsolateral] (FEC.FT.VP.DL) || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (NACC -> VPAL, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH Nucleus Accumbens Shell] (FEC.FT.ACC.SH) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_VM Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial] (FEC.FT.VP.VM) || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (NACC -> VPAL, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_BD Caudate Nucleus Body] (FEC.FT.CN.BD) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DL Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral] (FEC.FT.GPI.DL) || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (CPu -> GPi, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT Dorsal Putamen Lateral] (FEC.FT.PU.LT) || [http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc Regulation of Social Brain (Caud -> Put, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral] (FEC.FT.SNR.DL) || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (Striatum -> SNr, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_VL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral] (FEC.FT.SNR.VL) || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/saccades.jpg Saccades and smooth movements (CN -> SN, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_HD Caudate Nucleus Head] (FEC.FT.CN.HD) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_MED Globus Pallidus External Medial] (FEC.FT.GPE.MED) || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (CN.PU -> GP, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DS Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal] (FEC.FT.GPI.DS) || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (CPu -> GPi, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral] (FEC.FT.SNC.LT) || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/saccades.jpg Saccades and smooth movements (CN -> SN, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_RM Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial] (FEC.FT.SNR.RM) || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/saccades.jpg Saccades and smooth movements (CN -> SN, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_TL Caudate Nucleus Tail] (FEC.FT.CN.TL) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_RM Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial] (FEC.FT.GPI.RM) || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (CPu -> GPi, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial] (FEC.FT.SNR.MED) || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/saccades.jpg Saccades and smooth movements (CN -> SN, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_DL Globus Pallidus External Dorsolateral] (FEC.FT.GPE.DL) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DL Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral] (FEC.FT.GPI.DL) || (unknown reference) || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_DS Globus Pallidus External Dorsal] (FEC.FT.GPE.DS) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DS Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal] (FEC.FT.GPI.DS) || (unknown reference) || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_RM Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial] (FEC.FT.SNR.RM) || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (GP -> SN, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_LT Globus Pallidus External Lateral] (FEC.FT.GPE.LT) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_LT Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral] (FEC.FT.GPI.LT) || (unknown reference) || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_MED Globus Pallidus External Medial] (FEC.FT.GPE.MED) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_MED Globus Pallidus Internal Medial] (FEC.FT.GPI.MED) || (unknown reference) || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral] (FEC.FT.SNR.DL) || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (GP -> SN, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_RM Globus Pallidus External Rostromedial] (FEC.FT.GPE.RM) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_RM Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial] (FEC.FT.GPI.RM) || (unknown reference) || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial] (FEC.FT.SNR.MED) || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (GP -> SN, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DS Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal] (FEC.FT.GPI.DS) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral] (FEC.FT.SNC.LT) || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (GP -> SN, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_RM Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial] (FEC.FT.GPI.RM) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial] (FEC.FT.SNC.MED) || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (GP -> SN, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT Dorsal Putamen Lateral] (FEC.FT.PU.LT) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_LT Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral] (FEC.FT.GPI.LT) || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (CPu -> GPi, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED Dorsal Putamen Medial] (FEC.FT.PU.MED) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_MED Globus Pallidus External Medial] (FEC.FT.GPE.MED) || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou.html Basal Ganglia Activity (PU -> GPo, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_MED Globus Pallidus Internal Medial] (FEC.FT.GPI.MED) || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (CPu -> GPi, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral] (FEC.FT.SNR.DL) || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (Striatum -> SNr, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_VT Ventral Putamen] (FEC.FT.PU.VT) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial] (FEC.FT.SNR.MED) || (unknown reference) || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral] (FEC.FT.SNC.LT) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH Nucleus Accumbens Shell] (FEC.FT.ACC.SH) || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (SNc -> CPu, abstract)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT Dorsal Putamen Lateral] (FEC.FT.PU.LT) || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (SNC -> PU)] || || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED Dorsal Putamen Medial] (FEC.FT.PU.MED) || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (SNc -> CPu, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial] (FEC.FT.SNC.MED) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH Nucleus Accumbens Shell] (FEC.FT.ACC.SH) || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (SNc -> CPu, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral] (FEC.FT.SNR.DL) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral] (FEC.FT.SNC.LT) || [http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 Oculomotor decision-making (SNr -> SNc)] || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial] (FEC.FT.SNR.MED) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial] (FEC.FT.SNC.MED) || (unknown reference) || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_RM Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial] (FEC.FT.SNR.RM) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral] (FEC.FT.SNC.LT) || (unknown reference) || || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_DL Ventral Pallidum Dorsolateral] (FEC.FT.VP.DL) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial] (FEC.FT.SNR.MED) || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (VPAL -> SNr, abstract)] || *External Connections:* unavailable *External Inbound Center Connections:* || *Source Center* || *Sample Link* || *Reference* || || [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula] (FAM.FD.HB) || [BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED FAM.FD.LHB.MED] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT FEC.FT.SNC.LT]||[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (LHb -> SNc, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala] (FAM.FT.AM) || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP FAM.FT.AM.BP] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]||[http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (BLN -> NACC, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterFAM_FT_CEAM Central Extended Amygdala] (FAM.FT.CEAM) || [BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST FAM.FT.BNST] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED FEC.FT.SNC.MED]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus] (FD.HT) || [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM LAC.FD.HT.VM] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH]||[http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VMN -> NAc, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus] (FD.TH.CR) || [BrainRegionFAM_FD_TH_PT FAM.FD.TH.PT] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterFD_TH_SR Sensory Thalamus] (FD.TH.SR) || [BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_LI NCP.FD.TH.LI] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_BD FEC.FT.CN.BD]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA Subthalamus Area] (FEC.FD.STA) || [BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_ICD FEC.FD.STN.ICD] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPE_DL FEC.FT.GPE.DL]||[http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (STN -> GPe, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF Hippocampal Formation] (FMM.FT.HF) || [BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA1D FMM.FT.HC.CA1D] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]||[http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/nucleus-accumbens.jpg Nucleus Accumbens (CA1 -> NACC, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterFMM_NC_PHA_RS Retrosubicular Area] (FMM.NC.PHA.RS) || [BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PAS FMM.NC.PH.PAS] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]||[http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/nucleus-accumbens.jpg Nucleus Accumbens (PAS -> NACC, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterHL_SN Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei] (HL.SN) || [BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL LPC.HL.SOL] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH]||[http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (NTS -> NAc, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation] (HT.RF) || [BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB LPC.HT.PRF.PB] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH]||[http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (PBN -> NAc, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterHT_TG Pontine Tegmental Nuclei] (HT.TG) || [BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD FEC.HT.TG.IPD] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT FEC.FT.SNC.LT]||[http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> SNc, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC Locus Coeruleus] (LMC.HT.LC) || [BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC LMC.HT.LC] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED FEC.FT.SNC.MED]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area] (LMC.MM.VTA) || [BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA LMC.MM.VTA] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH]||[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon] (MM.REF) || [BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP LRC.MM.SC.DEEP] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT FEC.FT.SNC.LT]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (SCi -> SNc, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterNC_ACG Anterior Cingulate Area] (NC.ACG) || [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG NDM.NC.AL.VACG] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC Lateral Prefrontal Cortex] (NC.AL.LPFC) || [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_HD FEC.FT.CN.HD]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex] (NC.AL.OMPFC) || [BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC NDM.NC.AL.FPC] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]||[http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Affective basal ganglia circuit (OMPFC -> NACC, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterNC_MPL Medial Parietal Lobule] (NC.MPL) || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterNC_PG_APC Anterior Parietal Cortex] (NC.PG.APC) || [BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1 NCP.NC.PG.S1] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT FEC.FT.PU.LT]||[http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou.html Basal Ganglia Activity (S1 -> PU, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH Rhinal Cortex] (NC.PHA.RH) || [BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_LEC FMM.NC.PH.LEC] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]||[http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/nucleus-accumbens.jpg Nucleus Accumbens (EC -> NACC, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterNC_PMC Premotor Cortex] (NC.PMC) || [BrainRegionNPE_NC_PMC_AFEF NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_BD FEC.FT.CN.BD]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC Motor Cortex] (NMA.NC.MC) || [BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC NMA.NC.MC] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT FEC.FT.PU.LT]||[http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou.html Basal Ganglia Activity (M1 -> PU, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC Supplementary Motor Cortex] (NMA.NC.SMC) || [BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F3 NMA.NC.SMC.F3] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED FEC.FT.PU.MED]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT Inferotemporal Area] (NSA.NC.IT) || [BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE NSA.NC.IT.TE] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_BD FEC.FT.CN.BD]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterNSA_NC_TTG Transverse Temporal Gyrus] (NSA.NC.TTG) || [BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A2 NSA.NC.TTG.A2] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_BD FEC.FT.CN.BD]||(unknown reference) || *External Outbound Center Connections:* || *Target Center* || *Sample Link* || *Reference* || || [BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB Habenula] (FAM.FD.HB) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE FEC.FT.ACC.CORE] -> [BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT FAM.FD.LHB.LT]||[http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (NAc -> L, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM Amygdala] (FAM.FT.AM) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED FEC.FT.SNC.MED] -> [BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM FAM.FT.AM.CEM]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterFAM_FT_CEAM Central Extended Amygdala] (FAM.FT.CEAM) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FT_IPAC_LT FEC.FT.IPAC.LT]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterFD_HT Hypothalamus] (FD.HT) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH] -> [BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN LAC.FD.HT.LTN]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterFD_TH_CR Cognitive Thalamus] (FD.TH.CR) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_LT FEC.FT.GPI.LT] -> [BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_CM FEC.FD.TH.CM]||[http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (sCM -> CM, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterFD_TH_MR Motor Thalamus] (FD.TH.MR) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DL FEC.FT.GPI.DL] -> [BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP NPE.FD.TH.LP]||[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterHT_RF Pontine Reticular Formation] (HT.RF) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED FEC.FT.SNC.MED] -> [BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR LRC.HT.PRF.PVR]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterHT_TG Pontine Tegmental Nuclei] (HT.TG) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED FEC.FT.SNR.MED] -> [BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD FEC.HT.TG.IPD]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC Cerebellar Complex] (LLC.HT.CRC) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT FEC.FT.SNC.LT] -> [BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC LLC.HT.CR.CC]||[https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (SN -> CR, abstract)] || || [BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD Red Nucleus] (LLC.MM.RD) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT FEC.FT.SNC.LT] -> [BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD LLC.MM.RD]||(unknown reference) || || [BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA Ventral Tegmental Area] (LMC.MM.VTA) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE FEC.FT.ACC.CORE] -> [BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA LMC.MM.VTA]||[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)] || || [BrainCenterMM_REF Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon] (MM.REF) || [BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL FEC.FT.SNR.DL] -> [BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT LRC.MM.SC.INT]||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (SNr -> SCi, abstract)] ||