Biological Life Research
[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BiologicalArchitecture]] -> [[BiologicalArchitectureGlobalCircuits]] http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/bio-research.jpg ---- This page covers biological coordination approach of specific circuts and complexes. == Overview == Major biological circuits are: * cerebellar muscle control * basal ganglia performance control == Cerebellar Muscle Control == Further explanation is genuine outcome of aHuman research (C) and is not repsesented elsewhere. Please mention origin if copy. '''essence of architecture:''' * first major feature is that '''cerebellar complex produces information about which muscle executions are wrong and need to be inhibited''' ** it stores actual muscle execution patterns associated with certain layer of execution, many-to-many (all muscles to all layer streams) ** it inhibits corresponding layer of execution in streams related to items, not belonging to stored patterns ** conscious execution causes cerebellum to learn patterns, automatic execution leads to using stored patterns * second major feature is that '''cerebellum performs coordinate system translation''' ** vermis - from eyes and head coords to muscle coords ** paravermis - from skin coords to muscle coords ** lateral lobe - from intention coords (frontopontine - M1/S1), absolute coords (parietopontine - IPL/SPL), visual feature coords (occipitopontine - V2) to muscle coords ** flocculonodular lobe - from earth coords to oculomotor muscle coords '''layers of execution are:''' * subcortical execution of flexors by somatic patterns - paravermal lobe * cortical execution of flexors by cortical patterns - lateral lobe * execution of limb extensors by superior colliculus patterns - vermal lobe * execution of trunk extensors by vestibular patterns - flocculonodular lobe '''implementation:''' * gross architecture is that there are '''input nuclei, cerebellar cortex, and output nuclei''' * there are '''climbing fibers''' and '''mossy fibers''' going from input nuclei to cerebellar cortex * input nuclei are divided into mossy nuclei, which are source of mossy fibers and climbing nuclei which are source of climbing fibers ** '''climbing nuclei''' are interior olivary nucleus (IO) and vestibular nuclei (VBN) ** '''mossy nuclei''' are more numerous - superior and interior colliculus, spinal cord sensory nuclei, precerebellar reticular formation nuclei, pontine nulei and vestibular ganglia (VBG) * cerebellar cortex has the same implementation for all surface and contains: ** '''purkinje cells''', targeted by climbing fibers and projecting to output nuclei, containing GABA-ergic neurons ** '''granule cells''', targeted by mossy fibers - GLU-ergic neurons which project many-to-many to purkinje cells ** other cells which build the internal feedback circuit having secondary role for sustained processing ** purkinje cells define stream modality of cerebellar cortex * climbing fibers are the same for vermal, paravermal, lateral layers - each IO neuron has projections to 3 purkinje cells, one per each layer ** stream modality of cerebellar cortex for vermal, paravermal, lateral layers is the same and equal to stream modality of IO ** stream modality of IO is defined by nucleus proprius and its cranial equivalent - central cervical nucleus, which convey muscle proprioception from static tension receptor - Golgi tendon organs ** vermal, paravermal, lateral layers can be named muscle cerebellum, while flocculonodular layer is vestibular, because its stream modality is defined by vestibular nuclei == Basal Ganglia Performance Control == * TBD